Identification of plasma SAA2 as a candidate biomarker for the detection and surveillance of non-small cell lung cancer

Fa-Fu Zhang, Bin Han, Run-Hao Xu, Qing-Qing Zhu, Qi-Qi Wu, Hui-Min Wei,  Zhi-Lei Cui,  Shu-Lin Zhang,  Min-Jie Meng

Abstract:

This study aimed to measure the expression of SAA2 in plasma and to assess its diagnostic efficacy as a biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The gene expression of SAA2 in NSCLC was analyzed based on a database. Then, SAA2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in lung tissue and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 90 patients with NSCLC and 61 normal controls. Finally, the diagnostic performance was assessed in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. At the gene and protein levels, the SAA2 expression was significantly higher in the NSCLC group than in the control group (p<0.01). It was higher in lung squamous carcinoma than in lung adenocarcinoma and in males than in females, and this trend was also observed in the lung squamous carcinoma group. Of note, the expression of SAA2 increased with increasing disease stage. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the sensitivity of SAA2 was 83.61%, the specificity was 91.11%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.9252. Its accuracy was 68.89%, which was higher than that of other conventional diagnostic biomarkers, and the combined application can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency. Based on the results, SAA2 expression was positively correlated with the disease stage of NSCLC. Notably, SAA2 is more concerning in male patients with lung squamous carcinoma, and it can help in the screening and diagnosis of NSCLC. SAA2 may represent a novel diagnostic biomarker in NSCLC.